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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">maplants</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Машины и установки: проектирование, разработка и эксплуатация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Machines and Plants: Design and Exploiting</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2412-592X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МОО "Стратегия объединения"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">maplants-40</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАЗЕМНЫЕ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА И КОМПЛЕКСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GROUND TRANSPORTATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL FACILITIES AND COMPLEXES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Температура рабочей жидкости авиационных гидросистем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fluid Temperature of Aero Hydraulic Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумилов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumilov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shumilov-it@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bauman Moscow State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шумилов И.С., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шумилов И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shumilov I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.maplants-journal.ru/jour/article/view/40">https://www.maplants-journal.ru/jour/article/view/40</self-uri><abstract><p>На современных сверхзвуковых самолётах из-за аэродинамического нагрева обшивки среда, окружающая гидросистему, имеет температуру, значительно превышающую допустимую для применяемых жидкостей. Поэтому при создании гидравлических систем (ГС) сверхзвуковых самолётов использовать конвективный цикл теплообмена в большинстве случаев для поддержания заданной температуры жидкости в ГС невозможно. В связи с этим возникает проблема принудительного отвода тепла, т. е. создания искусственной системы охлаждения гидросистемы. Та же проблема существует и для дозвуковых пассажирских самолётов, в особенности для аэробусов, гидросистемы которых имеют высокие мощности, где конвективный теплообмен с окружающей средой недостаточен и не обеспечивает поддержание необходимой температуры жидкости. В статье рассмотрены стационарный и не стационарный режимы работы гидросистемы, их расчет, определение температур рабочей жидкости, методы поддержания заданной её температуры, рассмотрены различные схемы теплообменников, даны рекомендации по регулированию тепловых потоков, уменьшению мощности системы охлаждения гидросистем и выбору теплоизоляции элементов гидросистем. DOI: 10.7463/aplts.0216.0837432</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In modern supersonic aircrafts due to aerodynamic skin heating a temperature of hydraulics environment significantly exceeds that of permissible for fluids used. The same problem exists for subsonic passenger aircrafts, especially for Airbuses, which have hydraulics of high power where convective heat transfer with the environment is insufficient and there is no required temperature control of fluid. The most significant in terms of heat flow is the flow caused by the loss of power to the pump and when designing the hydraulic system (HS) it is necessary to pay very serious attention to it. To use a constant capacity pump is absolutely unacceptable, since HS efficiency in this case is extremely low, and the most appropriate are variable-capacity pumps, cut-off pumps, dual-mode pumps. The HS fluid cooling system should provide high reliability, lightweight, simple design, and a specified heat transfer in all flight modes.</p><p>A system cooling the fluid by the fuel of feeding lines of the aircraft engines is the most effective, and it is widely used in supersonic aircrafts, where power of cooling system is essential. Subsonic aircrafts widely use convective heat exchangers. In thermal design of the aircraft hydraulics, the focus is generally given to the maximum and minimum temperatures of the HS fluid, the choice of the type of heat exchanger (convective or flow-through), the place of its installation. In calculating the operating temperature of a hydraulic system and its cooling systems it is necessary to determine an increase of the working fluid temperature when throttling it. There are three possible formulas to calculate the fluid temperature in throttling, with the error of a calculated temperature drop from 30% to 4%.</p><p>The article considers the HS stationary and noon-stationary operating conditions and their calculation, defines temperatures of fluid and methods to control its specified temperature. It also discusses various heat exchanger schemes, makes recommendations for regulation of heat flows, power reduction of cooling system, and choice of heat insulation elements of HS.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>температура</kwd><kwd>излучение</kwd><kwd>трубопровод</kwd><kwd>рабочая жидкость</kwd><kwd>теплопроводность</kwd><kwd>теплоизоляция</kwd><kwd>насос</kwd><kwd>гидросистема</kwd><kwd>теплообменник</kwd><kwd>рулевой привод</kwd><kwd>утечки</kwd><kwd>теплопередача</kwd><kwd>конвекция</kwd><kwd>подача насоса</kwd><kwd>тепловой баланс</kwd><kwd>перепад давления</kwd><kwd>аэродинамический нагрев</kwd><kwd>тепловой поток в окружающую среду</kwd><kwd>термоклапан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aerodynamic heating</kwd><kwd>hydraulics</kwd><kwd>temperature</kwd><kwd>heat balance</kwd><kwd>heat flow in the environment</kwd><kwd>steering gear</kwd><kwd>pump</kwd><kwd>pump flow</kwd><kwd>leakage</kwd><kwd>pressure drop</kwd><kwd>heat transfer</kwd><kwd>conduction</kwd><kwd>convection</kwd><kwd>radiation</kwd><kwd>heat exchanger</kwd><kwd>thermo-valve</kwd><kwd>the working fluid</kwd><kwd>the thermal insulation tubing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авиационные правила АП-25. 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